Lecture: the requirement for the formation of culture in the residential construction in Vermont
Section: covering the house with decorative panels.
The requirement to promote the formation of culture in Vermont residential housing has activated my attention to the following aspects of activity that need to be highlighted in order for citizens of the state of Vermont to love both their home, their state and their country.
The insulation and moisture protection laying that is applied to the house from the outside has an important role in the issues of heat preservation, insulation of the house from noise and insulation of the house from water penetration. Any type of these cushioning materials used must be attached to the plywood sheathing of the house, starting from the height of the second floor and above, to be used according to existing prevailing understandings of contractors and residents of the house who themselves initiate the construction of their home auxiliary devices such as a staircase, scaffold. Sometimes this time-consuming process stops the tenant of the house from building 2-3-storey houses. There is an option to build a 2-3-storey house for yourself, eliminating the skin of the house from the horizontal direction of the construction paper (tar paper) to the vertical. To do this, after measuring the height of the house, it is necessary to cut these pieces of construction paper to the appropriate length, then surround one part of the construction paper with a metal sheet folded in half, drilling this sheet and laying construction paper inside this sheet. The width of the metal strip is 1 inch on one side, so the total width is two inches. A metal sheet gives sufficient rigidity to make a hole in the middle of it and fasten one end of the rope through this hole to make it possible to lift a sheet of construction paper to the top by pulling the other side of the rope. This can be done either by pulling the rope, throwing it on the other side of the house, or by the rope being pulled by a partner who is inside the house in its upper part, through some kind of slot / hole in the house.
Having pulled the rope to the top, one can nail construction paper with paper clips. To do this, use a manual stapler by attaching this stapler to an extension rod of an appropriate length. One can use a set of tubes / rods. To do this, the stapler will need to be re-secured. And if this rod is telescopic, you only need to attach the stapler to this telescopic tube / rod just once.
At the edges, you can use wide paper for windows (window and door sealing tape) in order to glue construction paper to the plywood of the house hanging so far without any paper clips fastening. To do this, use the same telescopic rod, on the end of which the paint roller holder is wound, which will make it possible to glue this adhesive tape to construction paper and plywood from top to bottom or from bottom to top.
Thus, you can lay down the second, third sheet and so on, gluing joints where one sheet should overlap another by 6 inches. It is better to first attach with paper staples so that the sheet does not gather when window paper is glued at the joints of the sheets. The house at the time of sheathing with black construction paper and external decorative plywood panels (sheets 4’x8 ‘) must be neither sheet-rocked nor heat-insulated. This will make it possible to drill the outer sheets from the inside of the house by pressing this sheet from the outside with the same kind of telescopic rod, previously, in the place of the stop of the telescopic rod in the sheet, nail the rail to the sheet in which this rod would rest. For a higher sheet, this rail would serve as a support. And the upper support rail would serve as a support for the telescopic rod. That is, one supporting rail for the sheet which is already in a higher position, becomes a support for the telescopic rod. And drill the sheet from the inside with screws.
But here is one subtlety: you need to drill the sheet with screws through a patch sheet, which is previously attached to the sheet from the outside and is located below up to the top of the decorative covering sheet. Thus, standing on the ground and with the second partner being inside the house, you can sheathe a 2-3-storey house with black construction paper and decorative sheathing sheets 4′ by 8′. Scaffolding and a ladder are not needed in this case.
Think about ground waters when you build a house, otherwise they will think about you
“In many Moscow localities there are underground springs; one owner’s house had its foundation damaged, and the house fell down. “What a quirk of fate!” passers-by spoke. A neighbor of his discovered the springs before building a house, and redirected them into a pond. “What a pretty pond!” said passers – by; – no one thought to attribute this pond to fate, – and the fate, i.e. the area, was the same for both neighbors. sense of the word; that all possible accidents obey the General, unchangeable laws of nature?” which are … worth exploring. According to the mathematical law of probability, out of a number of repetitions of the same case, there must be several negative or unfortunate ones; but this probability, in most cases, can be limited by human will.”
Odoevsky, Vladimir Fedorovich (1804-1869).
Not Enough: (Dedicated To I. S. Turgenev)
Lecture: Effects of nail assembly of a house
Effects of nail assembly of a house and neutralization of these effects, using, for additional direction, of screws manufactured and sold according to American standards for earthquake resistance of assembled 1-2-3 storey wooden buildings.
Construction of houses on the example of the state of Vermont where the contractor, free from any mandatory standards for safe living in the house assembled by him, uses nail assembly of wooden structures. Nail assembly makes it possible to assemble the structural part of the house and the covering part of the house using different nail profiles, diameters and lengths at the discretion of the individual contractor.
There are no requirements from the state government for a license that an individual contractor may need. The culture of licensing a contractor given the right to erect 1-2 storey houses would allow one, in performing nail assembly of a house, to be more demanding to the length of the nails attaching the structure to the base of this structure.
In choosing the length of the nail, taking into account that the nail should enter the base by 2-3-5 thicknesses of the structure to be nailed by it, the contractor varies the viability of the house he collects, depending on various factors affecting his work. The factors are: the cost of his work, whether the house is being assembled for himself or for a customer, whether the house is being assembled as a temporary building for a short stay, whether the house is being assembled in the expectation of rain and/or snow and/or wind loads that the house will experience. By monitoring his completed works and their condition, the contractor gains experience, thereby improving his qualifications. But the viability of houses is controlled only by the visual observation of neighbors and passing people who see either a house preserved from destruction through high-quality assembly by the contractor, or a decaying house that is beginning to collapse.
A specific feature of the nail assembly of the house, in addition to deep or shallow nailing of the attached structure, is the ease (apparent) to hammer a nail of the selected length. Basically, the places where the nail is hammered should be free for the sweep of the hammer of the contractor so that the blow is of sufficient strength and might be performed nth number of times. But when assembling structures, a large number of places for working with a hammer appear. And for the structure to be nailed well, subsequently fulfilling all the requirements for the vitality of the house, using a nail and a hammer presents difficulties in hard-to-reach places. The screw assembly of the house comes to the rescue. It can be both the basic method and an additional one, if you choose the nail method of constructing the house as basic. Screw assembly of the house as an additional one makes it possible to eliminate gaps during nail assembly of the house: it is the inability to control the strength of the fastening of the attached structure to the base by methods such as choosing the step – the distance between the nails – both in the corners of the connected structures and in other places.
If the individual contractor uses both methods of assembly, then he is able to enhance the quality of assembly (viability of the house) by taking into account the step distance between the fastening metal elements and the ability to connect the structure in the corners with the base, which greatly affects the seismic resistance of the structure and, subsequently, the durability of the assembled house. The screw construction of the fasteners makes it possible to use glue for the screw being screwed, which significantly extends the life of the house.
The small population of Vermont does not create the need for a possible high-quality assembly of the house through the visual perception of the surrounding population and the fact that the houses are not visible at all to the surrounding population since they are located on a private property with no access or passage for the neighbors to the house. Density in, for example, New York, Massachusetts, and the location of houses close to each other without any gap makes changes to the requirements for the assembly of the house and introduces such a notion as the architectural culture of the assembled houses without damage to the neighboring property.
In Vermont, this concept is completely absent and a one-story house culture is formed that is invisible to the surrounding population and serves only the requirements of the individual living in this house. It depends on the architectural culture of the resident tenant in this house to set out a code of requirements for an individual contractor that the individual contractor either fulfills or does not fulfill. But this is completely absent in the bulk of the population and only the minimum requirements needed for the tenant of the customer’s house are set.
Expanded living in the house; specific rooms with architectural design of both the inside and the outside of the house are completely absent in the bulk of the population of Vermont. A short request made through an architectural discussion of one’s new housing is not based on any minimum concepts to fulfill the tenant’s needs in accordance with the requirements of a super-technological country like the USA.
Informing the population about these requirements through state management is one of the directions of the future development of Vermont.
Lecture: Foundations for point structures (base 10’x10′)
Keywords: point structure 10 feet x 10 feet in size
- has a restriction on the placement of any electric / mechanical / air / hand tool (sledgehammer, hammer, rotor) up to the placement of the worker himself.
- over this size of the structure of the house there is an expanded opportunity to use just a limited number of the above tools.
- This point structure is sheathed with a metal mesh, attached with screws through metal plates to the foundation of the wooden structure, and having metal peaks driven into the ground to a depth of 2-3-4 feet down to the cobblestone. Thus, there is an external connection of the fastening of the foundation of the structure and it prevents both the possible lowering of the house and tipping, that is, it has seismic stability for this area of Vermont.
The options for strengthening this concrete foundation in the future are as follows.
Doorways are made in a grid in the space between the wooden structure and the ground, for laying bricks of strong concrete used for walkways under the bar of the wooden structure. Through the doors made in the grid, you fill the space from the ground to the wooden structure with bricks of the required size, and then metal tongues laid in the spaces between the bricks with the leads to the external grid and the doors in the grid make it possible to lay bricks and put concrete between the bricks, and lay black paper (roof felt) between the top layer of brick and the wood. A pin connecting the wood of the lower structure of the house and passing through the brick can be laid if the spike has a lower part bending under the plane of the brick. Since the bricks will be laid with an offset of half the brick around the perimeter of the house, then the number of spikes, assuming a point structure of the house, can be laid from 3 to 5 per side. Outdoor concreting will be massive and 3 to 5 feet wide. The thickness of the external concreting will be different, since the house is on a slope. In order to keep the thickness of the external concreting at the deepest part the same, first that side of the house which is parallel to the road should be concreted. Then develop this part of the foundation on the sides of the house, right and left, excavating the land gradually around the perimeter of the house. After having finished the right and the left sides of the house, go to the 4th side of the house.
Such an external foundation has been sent to you for approval; it exists in the generally available architectural literature. You have seen the effectiveness of such a foundation.
Massive external foundations along the outside perimeter of the house with a brick-width approach under the structure are also possible for this point structure. But only to the width of a brick. And in this version, it enters under the brick laid at the beginning of the formation of the foundation and fixed with metal tongues laid between the bricks and brought out to the outside of the metal mesh and already concreted at the first stage of formation of the foundation for a point-structure house. The earth around the house and under the house is loose black soil and has various sizes of cobblestone from 5 inches to 20 or more. Water soaks during the winter until this water freezes according to the norms dictated by the state codes, approximately 3 feet.
And so the keywords for this project.
Depth effect: soil freezing depth 3 feet.
Point structure: Size of the structure is 10 feet by 10 feet.
Plot slope: 30 degrees.
Soil: Black earth with boulders.
Boulders: 5 inches to 20 and above (diameter)
Water: springs starting 5-10 feet from the house.
Lecture: Thin-walled constructions
The palette of individual works of American architects makes it possible to see better the vastness of America. Its immensity gives an individual architect the opportunity to create his own work ignoring the imprints of the leaders of competing directions in architecture, who have already created a wall of seemingly unsurpassed magnificence in their projects in various states of America and who are forming dynamite work through the supposed significance of their architectural knowledge and enhancing their effect with newspaper props, drowning out every young architect’s work and making it unrecognizable and almost invisible.
No, don’t open your proposal, your portfolio to place your work in front of us. Clerks of the administration will not be presented with our signature. Quiet puppy helpfulness sparkles shines in the eyes of these radiators, these conductors of a warm surge of (supposed) novelty in their reviews of architectural works.
But returning to the work itself and ignoring these umbrellas of protection against the applause of the audience and the conveniences of living, touching the construction itself with one’s hands, one comes to the understanding that there is something here for sober enjoyment.